Gurievsk, Kalinigrad, Russian Federation
Annotation. Introduction. The study, the results of which are presented in the article, examined the criminal law and operational-investigative aspects of operational infiltration – an operational-investigative measure during which its participants are forced to cause harm to assets protected by law. Since the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not provide for a special circumstance excluding the criminality of such harm, legal uncertainty arises and vicious practices develop: either infiltrators are unjustifiably prosecuted, or their actions are removed from the application of criminal law through informal agreements. Methods. The study employed dialectical, formal-legal, comparative-legal methods, and the method of legal modeling. Results. It was established that the circumstances enshrined in criminal law excluding the criminality of an act do not cover the specifics of operational infiltration. Two types of limits on the lawful infliction of harm are identified: absolute and relative. A systematic interpretation of criminal and investigative law has helped justify the legality of an undercover agent's forced participation in criminal activity in the absence of criminal intent. It has been proposed to supplement the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with an article establishing a special circumstance precluding the criminality of an act during investigative operations, as well as to amend the list of mitigating circumstances and sentencing rules for cases where the permissible limits of lawful harm are exceeded.
Operational investigative activities, operational implementation, criminal law enforcement, causing harm, limits of legality, foreign experience, legislative improvement
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