employee
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Abstract: Introduction. Since the early 20th century to the present day, scholars have been studying the forces, means, and methods of operational investigative activity in general, and operational investigative measures as its integral and significant element. The majority of researchers have proposed their own classifications of operational investigative measures, based on various criteria allowing for the division or, conversely, the unification of all operational investigative measures (hereinafter referred to as ORM) into groups (classes). The authors attempt to retrospectively analyse previous and current scientific approaches to the classifications of operational investigative measures, identify patterns in the scholarly views, and determine the possibilities and prospects for further classifications in the new socio-economic, political, legal, criminal, and technical realities. Methods. The study employed historical, comparative-legal, and formal-logical methods in examining the legal and purely theoretical provisions of the institution of operational investigative measures over more than fifty years of their development – provisions that determine their content, goals and tasks, subjects, forms of implementation, and the possibility of using their results in judicial proceedings. These methods made it possible to identify patterns in researchers’ scientific approaches to classifying operational investigative measures, as well as differences in views and assessments of individual classification criteria. Results. Based on the results of analysing a wide range of classifications of operational investigative measures, the authors conclude that a single universal classification of all ORM is impossible. All modern classifications are characterised by varying degrees of specification, ‘universality’, and ‘precision’ of criteria (grounds), which accounts for their contentious nature, reaching the point of polar views, and presupposes a high probability of scholarly debate. The evolution of all spheres of societal and state life entails objective changes in operational investigative tools and operational investigative measures themselves. This determines the possibility of subsequent classifications based on new grounds.
operational investigative activity, operational investigative measures, classification of operational investigative measures, classification criteria, grounds for classification
1. Chechetin A. E. O sootnoshenii ponyatiy operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy, deystviy i mer / Operativno-rozysknye meropriyatiya: aktual'nye voprosy teorii i praktiki : materialy nauchno-prakticheskogo seminara / red- kol.: V. M. Atmazhitov (otv. red.) [i dr.]. Moskva : Akademiya up ravleniya MVD Rossii, 2005. S. 31–38.
2. Omelin V. N., Kvitko A. V. Sub'ekty provedeniya operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Nauchnyy portal MVD Rossii. 2010. № 1 (9). S. 65–70.
3. Shkabin G. S. Ugolovno-pravovaya klassifikaciya operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Vestnik Ryazanskogo filiala Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii. 2010. № 4. S. 144–146.
4. Baklanov L. A. Iz'yatie dokumentov, predmetov, materialov i soobscheniy kak osnovanie dlya klassifikacii operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Vestnik Tyumenskogo instituta povysheniya kvalifikacii sotrudnikov MVD Rossii. 2015. № 2 (5). S. 50–53.
5. Kol'cov D. V. Glasnost' i neglasnost' kak kriterii klassifikacii operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy / Aktual'nye problemy nauki i praktiki: Gatchinskie chteniya – 2019 : sbornik nauchnyh trudov po materialam VI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, g. Gatchina, 17–18 maya 2019 g. Gatchina : Gosudarstvennyy institut ekonomiki, finansov, prava i tehnologiy, 2019. S. 336–338.
6. Agarkov A. V., Korolev Yu. F. Sistematizaciya operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy, osuschestvlyaemyh operativnymi podrazdeleniyami ugolovno-ispolnitel'noy sistemy Rossii // Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta. 2019. № 2 (51). S. 41–45.
7. Aleksanin A. S., Garanin A. O., Zaharcev S. I. Operativno-rozysknye meropriyatiya i pravovoe gosudarstvo: istoricheskiy ekskurs / Pravovoe gosudarstvo v sovremennom mire : materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, g. Ufa, 18 maya 2021 g. Ufa : Bashkirskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2021. S. 10–28.
8. Vormsbeher I. A. Ponyatie neglasnyh operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Yurist'-Pravoved'. 2022. № 2 (101). S. 39–45.
9. Zaharcev S. I. Operativno-rozysknye meropriyatiya : Obschie polozheniya : [monografiya]. Sankt-Peterburg : Yuridicheskiy centr Press, 2004. 257 s.
10. Zaharcev S. I. Operativno-rozysknye meropriyatiya: teoriya i praktika : monografiya / pod red. V. P. Sal'nikova. Sankt-Peterburg : Sankt-Peterburgskiy universitet MVD Rossii, 2004. 329 s.
11. Pavlichenko N. V., Tambovcev A. I. Determinanty sovremennyh metamorfoz operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Trudy Akademii upravleniya MVD Rossii. 2020. № 3 (55). S. 38–50.
12. Pavlichenko N. V., Tambovcev A. I. Vliyanie gendernyh izmeneniy prestupnosti na operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel'nost' // Akademicheskaya mysl'. 2020. № 3 (12). S. 18–22.
13. Bobrov V. G. Nekotorye suzhdeniya po povodu neglasnogo haraktera operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti // Trudy Akademii upravleniya MVD Rossii. 2010. № 1 (13). S. 97–104.
14. Panyushin D. B. Priznak vydeleniya glasnoy i neglasnoy formy operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Koncept : [elektronnoe izdanie]. 2014. T. 20. S. 3221–3225. URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/54908.htm (data obrascheniya: 18.08.2025).
15. Kuznecov E. V., Samsonov V. A. Kriterii razgranicheniya glasnyh i neglasnyh operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2018. № 7 (122). S. 261–262.
16. Kurysev K. N. Glasnoe i neglasnoe provedenie operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy: analiz zakonodatel'stva nekotoryh stran blizhnego zarubezh'ya // Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta. 2023. № 4 (69). S. 144–148.
17. Vertlib O. F. Primenenie metoda kontroliruemoy postavki narkotikov v protivodeystvii narkobiznesu (mezhdunarodno-pravovoy aspekt) // Problemy ukrepleniya zakonnosti i pravoporyadka: nauka, praktika, tendencii. 2010. № 3. S. 297–303.
18. Mihaylov V. I. Kontroliruemaya postavka kak metod bor'by s nezakonnym peremescheniem narkotikov: normativno-pravovoy, organizacionnyy i gnoseologicheskiy aspekty // Narkokontrol'. 2025. № 3. S. 5–12. https://doi.org/10.18572/2572-2072-4160-2025-3-5-12
19. Galahov S. S., Lozhkin Yu. A. Ponyatie operativno-rozysknogo meropriyatiya «operativnoe vnedrenie», perspektivy i napravleniya ego provedeniya pri reshenii zadach operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti operativnyh podrazdeleniy federal'noy sluzhby ispolneniya nakazaniy // Vestnik Vserossiyskogo instituta povysheniya kvalifikacii sotrudnikov Ministerstva vnutrennih del Rossiyskoy Federacii. 2017. № 4 (44). S. 7–12.
20. Shkabin G. S. Ugolovno-pravovoe obespechenie operativnogo vnedreniya : monografi. Moskva : Izdatel'skiy dom «Yurisprudenciya», 2018. 272 s.
21. Mihaylov V. I. Nekotorye pravovye i organizacionnye osnovy provedeniya operativno-razysknogo meropriyatiya «operativnoe vnedrenie» pri protivodeystvii nezakonnomu oborotu narkotikov // Narkokontrol'. 2024. № 3. S. 2–8. https://doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2024-3-2-8
22. Znikin V. K., Kondrat'ev M. V. Nekotorye rassuzhdeniya o ponyatii i soderzhanii operativno-razysknogo meropriyatiya «operativnyy eksperiment» // Aktual'nye problemy bor'by s prestupleniyami i inymi pravonarusheniyami. 2013. № 13-1. S. 14–15.
23. Sidorenko A. V. Operativno-rozysknoe meropriyatie operativnyy eksperiment v protivodeystvii korrupcionnym prestupleniyam / Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost' lichnosti, obschestva, gosudarstva: problemy i puti obespecheniya : materialy ezhegodnoy vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii : v 2 t., g. Sankt-Peterburg, 21 aprelya 2016 g. / sost. Yu. A. Kudryavcev. Sankt-Peterburg : Sankt-Peterburgskiy universitet MVD Rossii, 2016. T. 1. S. 226–230.
24. Antonyan Yu. M., Tkachenko A. A. Seksual'nye prestupleniya: Chikatilo i drugie. Moskva : Amal'teya, 1993. 320 s.
25. Lavrin A. P., Lavrin A. P. Znamenitye ubiycy i zhertvy. Moskva : Eksmo, 2011. 288 s.
26. Rumyanceva Yu. N. Kriminologicheskoe prognozirovanie individual'nogo prestupnogo povedeniya seriynyh ubiyc / Problemy sovremennogo zakonodatel'stva Rossii i zarubezhnyh stran: materialy X Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, g. Irkutsk, 1 oktyabrya 2021 g. : [v 2-h t.] / otv. red. A. M. Bychkova, N. V. Keshikova. Irkutsk : Irkutskiy institut (filial) VGUYu (RPA Minyusta Rossii), 2021. T. 2. S. 199–203.
27. Goryainov K. K., Latynin E. V. Sootnoshenie operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy i metodov operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti, primenyaemyh v deyatel'nosti UIS // Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta. 2019. № 2 (39). S. 133–140.
28. Vagin O. A., Isichenko A. P., Shabanov G. H. Operativno-rozysknye meropriyatiya i ispol'zovanie ih rezul'tatov : monografiya. Moskva : Izdatel'skiy dom Shumilovoy I. I, 2006. 118 s.
29. Omelin V. N. Sootnoshenie i svyaz' metodov operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti i operativno-rozysknyh meropriyatiy // Zakon i pravo. 2020. № 3. S. 143–144. https://doi.org/10.24411/2073-3313-2020-10141
30. Lobzov K. M. Agent vliyaniya kak kriminal'nyy sub'ekt po neglasnomu prodvizheniyu v svoey strane antinacional'nyh inostrannyh interesov (teoretiko-metodologicheskiy analiz) // Operativnik (syschik). 2014. № 3 (40). S. 45–51.
31. Tambovcev A. I. Kategorii lic, podlezhaschih rozysku: sravnitel'nyy analiz polozheniy zakona Rossiyskoy Federacii «O milicii» i Federal'nogo zakona «O policii» / Operativno-razysknoe pravo : sbornik nauchnyh statey : [elektronnoe izdanie]. Volgograd : Volgogradskaya akademiya MVD Rossii, 2014. S. 69–77.
32. Buryakov E. V. Operativno-rozysknoe uchenie o rozyske : monografiya. Omsk : Omskaya akademiya MVD Rossii, 2011. 191 s.
33. Tambovcev A. I., Pavlichenko N. V. Operativno-rozysknoy instrumentariy : monografiya. Moskva : Prospekt, 2024. 304 s.
