<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Economic policy and national security</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Economic policy and national security</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Экономическая политика и национальная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">3033-6554</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108796</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Противодействие теневой экономике как угрозе национальной безопасности</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Countering the Shadow Economy as a Threat to National Security</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Противодействие теневой экономике как угрозе национальной безопасности</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The specifics of shadow activity manifestation in the modern economy and methods of its minimisation</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Специфика проявления теневой активности в современной экономике и методы ее минимизации</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Зенченко</surname>
       <given-names>Светлана Вячеславовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zenchenko</surname>
       <given-names>Svetlana Vyacheslavovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>zen_sveta@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор экономических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of economic sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Северо –Кавказский федеральный   университет</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">North Caucasus Federal University</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>53</fpage>
   <lpage>63</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikkf.ru/en/nauka/article/108796/view">https://vestnikkf.ru/en/nauka/article/108796/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Введение. Противодействие теневой экономике в условиях активного развития цифровых платформ предполагает наличие алгоритма отбора инструментов, который будет учитывать возможные поведенческие реакции налогоплательщиков на действия контролирующих органов. Данный алгоритм частично реализован в процессе внедрения в механизм налогового администрирования риск-ориентированного подхода. В настоящее время соблюдение налогового законодательства является индивидуальным выбором, на который влияет набор сетевых взаимодействий и внешняя среда. Методы. В статье при оценке неформальной занятости в платформенной экономике использованы данные национальных фискальных органов, для анализа влияния последствий пандемии&#13;
COVID-19 на поведение налогоплательщиков и действия налоговых органов использовался метод ретроспективного анализа. Результаты. Появление платформенной экономики и последствия пандемии COVID-19 привели к тому, что простое внедрение инструментов контроля или ужесточение действующей системы налогового администрирования для повышения уровня налоговой дисциплины и сокращения масштабов теневой экономики неэффективно. Совокупность прямых и косвенных инструментов, имеющихся в распоряжении государства, необходимо интегрировать в единый механизм, действие которого рассчитано на долгосрочную перспективу. Общественные модальности могут быть реализованы для стимулирования и легитимизации отношений с налоговыми органами на основе создания общественных партнерств, предоставляющих финансовые стимулы. Организация доступа к таким стимулам должна учитывать возможность злоупотреблений налоговыми льготами. Конкуренция&#13;
между цифровыми платформами является действенным инструментом в арсенале налоговых органов для мобилизации налоговых поступлений за счет сокращения масштабов теневой экономики. Финансовые стимулы для увеличения или развития клиентуры являются актуальными, особенно для малых предприятий, которые могут конкурировать на узких рынках с небольшой рентабельностью, т. к. они обладают высокой адаптивностью к технологическим изменениям и инновациям и могут стать сильной легитимирующей силой для налоговых органов, стремящихся уменьшить выгоду от схем уклонения от уплаты налогов с использованием цифровых платформ.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Introduction. Countering the shadow economy in the context of the active development of digital platforms requires an algorithm for selecting tools that takes into account potential behavioural responses of taxpayers to the actions of regulatory authorities. This algorithm has been partially implemented in the process of introducing a risk-oriented approach into the tax administration mechanism. Currently, compliance with tax legislation is an individual choice influenced by a set of network interactions and the external environment. Methods. In the article, data from national fiscal authorities were used to assess informal employment in the platform economy, and a retrospective analysis method was employed to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on taxpayer behaviour and the actions of tax authorities. Results. The emergence of the&#13;
platform economy and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that simply introducing control tools or tightening the existing tax administration system to improve tax discipline and reduce the scale of the shadow economy is ineffective. The combination of direct and indirect tools available to the government needs to be integrated into a unified mechanism designed for the long term. Public modalities can be implemented to stimulate and legitimise relationships with tax authorities based on the creation of public partnerships that provide financial incentives. The organisation of access to such incentives should take into account the possibility of abuse of tax benefits. Competition among digital platforms is an effective tool in the arsenal of tax authorities for mobilising tax revenues by reducing the scale of the shadow economy. Financial incentives to increase or develop client bases are particularly relevant, especially for small enterprises that can compete in narrow markets with low profitability, as they possess high adaptability to technological&#13;
changes and innovations and can become a strong legitimising force for tax authorities seeking to diminish the benefits of tax evasion schemes using digital platforms.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>теневая экономика</kwd>
    <kwd>платформенная экономика</kwd>
    <kwd>налоговый контроль</kwd>
    <kwd>налоговое администрирование</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>shadow economy</kwd>
    <kwd>platform economy</kwd>
    <kwd>tax control</kwd>
    <kwd>tax administration</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабышев В. Ю. Трансформация режимов занятости: анализ мирового опыта // Общество: политика, экономика, право. 2021. № 6 (95). С. 69–78. https://doi.org/10.24158/pep.2021.6.9</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babyshev, Vyacheslav Yu. 2021. “Transformaciya rezhimov zanyatosti: analiz mirovogo opyta.” [“Transformation of employment regimes: an analysis of global experience”] (In Russ.) Obshchestvo: politika, ekonomika, pravo [Society: politics, economics, law] 95, no. 6 (June):69–78. https://doi.org/10.24158/pep.2021.6.9</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Варшавская Е. Я., Донова И. В. Неформальная занятость по найму: грани явления // Известия Байкальского государственного университета. 2012. № 6. С. 130–135.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varshavskaya, Elena Ya., and Inna V. Donova. 2012. “Neformal'naya zanyatost' po najmu: grani yavleniya” [“Informal employment for hire: facets of the phenomenon”] (In Russ.) Izvestiya Bajkal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Proceedings of the Baikal State University], no. 6 (December):130–5.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молодых В. А. Влияние цифровизации экономического пространства на динамику теневой экономики // Вестник Академии знаний. 2025. № 2 (67). С. 433–437.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molodyh Vladimir A. 2025. “Vliyanie cifrovizacii ekonomicheskogo prostranstva na dinamiku tenevoj ekonomiki” [“The impact of digitalization of the economic space on the dynamics of the shadow economy”] (In Russ.) Vestnik Akademii znanij [Bulletin of the Academy of Knowledge] 67, no. 2 (June):433–7.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сагинова О. В., Завьялов Д. В., Завьялова Н. Б. Готовность предпринимателей к цифровой трансформации бизнеса / Цифровая трансформация экономических систем: проблемы и перспективы (ЭКОПРОМ-2022) : сборник трудов VI Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с зарубежным участием, г. Санкт-Петербург, 11–12 ноября 2022 г. Санкт-Петербург : ПОЛИТЕХ-ПРЕСС, 2022. С. 223–226.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saginova, Olga V., Dmitry V. Zav'yalov, and Nadezhda B. Zav'yalova. 2022. “Gotovnost' predprinimatelej k cifrovoj transformacii biznesa” [“Entrepreneurs' readiness for digital business transformation”] (In Russ.). In: Cifrovaya transformaciya ekonomicheskih sistem: problemy i perspektivy (EKOPROM-2022) [Digital transformation of economic systems: problems and prospects (ECOPROM-2022)] 223–6. Saint Petersburg : POLITEKH-PRESS.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angiuoni S. A comparative study of informal labour intermediation and workforce reproduction practices in Italy and the U.K. A research in progress // Cartografie sociali. 2016. Vol 2. No. 1. P. 261–285.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angiuoni, Sara. 2016. “A comparative study of informal labour intermediation and workforce reproduction practices in Italy and the UK A research in progress.” Cartografie sociali 2, no. 1 (November):261–85.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai Y. [et al.]. Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Informal Employees in the Digital Era // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021. Vol. 18. Is. 18:5211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105211</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai, Yang, [et al.]. 2021. “Depressive symptoms among Chinese informal employees in the digital era.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May):5211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105211</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engel C., Mittone L., Morreale A. Tax Morale and Fairness in Conflict an Experiment // Journal of Economic Psychology. 2020. Vol 81. Р. 102–124. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331320449_Tax_Morale_and_Fairness_in_Conflict_-_An_Experiment</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engel, Christoph, Luigi Mittone, and Azzurra Morreale. 2020. “Tax morale and fairness in conflict an experiment.” Journal of Economic Psychology 81 (February):102314. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication /331320449_Tax_Morale_and_Fairness_in_Conflict_-_An_Experiment</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frey B., Torgler B. Tax Morale and Conditional Cooperation // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2007. Vol. 35. No. 1. Р. 136–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.10.006</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frey, Bruno S., and Benno Torgler. 2007. “Tax morale and conditional cooperation.” Journal of comparative economics 35, no. 1 (February):136–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.10.006</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman B., Sah S. The Relationship Between Effective Governance and the Informal Economy // International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2014. Vol. 5. No. 9. Р. 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-06-2022-1706</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman, Barry A., and R. Hall. 2014. “The relationship between effective governance and the informal economy.” International Journal of Business and Social Science 5, no. 9 (August):51–8. https://doi.org/10.1108 /MEDAR-06-2022-1706</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goutte S., Péran T., Porcher T. The role of economic structural factors in determining pandemic mortality rates: evidence from the COVID-19 outbreak in France // Research in International Business and Finance. 2020. Vol. 54. P. 101281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101281</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goutte, Stéphane, Thomas Péran, and Thomas Porcher. 2020. “The role of economic structural factors in determining pandemic mortality rates: evidence from the COVID-19 outbreak in France.” Research in International Business and Finance 54 (June):101281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101281</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirchler E. Hoelzl E., Wahl I. Enforced Versus Voluntary Tax Compliance: the “Slippery Slope” Framework // Journal of Economic psychology. 2008. Vol. 29. No. 2. P. 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.05.004</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirchler, Erich, Erik Hoelzl, and Ingrid Wahl. 2008. “Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance: The “slippery slope” framework.” Journal of Economic psychology 29, no. 2 (April):210–25. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.joep.2007.05.004</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicola M. [et al.]. The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Review // International journal of surgery. 2020. Vol. 78. P. 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicola, Maria, [et al.]. 2020. “The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review.” International journal of surgery 78 (June):185–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poulimenakos G. [et al.]. “The Greek Crisis Ends here Tonight”: A Qualitative Study of Labor Market Deregulation in Greece Beyond the “Crisis” Paradigm // Journal of Labor and Society. 2021. Vol. 24. No. 2. P. 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1163/24714607-bja10004</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poulimenakos, Giorgos, [et al.]. 2021. ““The Greek Crisis Ends here Tonight”: A qualitative study of labor market deregulation in Greece beyond the “Crisis” paradigm.” Journal of Labor and Society 24, no. 2 (May):261–81. https://doi.org/10.1163/24714607-bja10004</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD. Tax Administration 2024 : Comparative Information on OECD and Other Advanced and Emerging Economies. Paris : OECD Publishing, 2024. 205 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD. 2024. “Tax Administration 2024: Comparative Information on OECD and Other Advanced and Emerging Economies.” 205. Paris : OECD.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider F., Raczkowski K., Mróz B. Shadow Economy and Tax Evasion in the EU // Journal of Money Laundering Control. 2015. Vol. 18. No. 1. Р. 34–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2014-0027</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneider, Friedrich, Konrad Raczkowski, and Bogdan Mróz. 2015. “Shadow economy and tax evasion in the EU.” Journal of Money Laundering Control 18, no. 1 (January):34–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2014-0027</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
